Liver Cancer
There is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment of patients with liver tumors. This contributes to the pessimistic attitude that many have regarding the treatment of liver cancer. Aggressive treatment strategies can cure or significantly prolong the life of many patients with liver cancer.
The liver is a common site of metastases from a variety of organs such as lung， breast， colon and rectum. When liver metastases occur at the time of initial diagnosis of the primary tumor， they are described as synchronous. If detected after the initial diagnosis， they are described as metachronous. The liver is frequently involved since it receives blood from the abdominal organs via the portal vein. Malignant cells detach from the primary cancer， enter the bloodstream or lymphatic channels， travel to the liver， and grow independently. We do not understand the mechanism of how a tumor cell can leave the primary site and grow in specific organs. Potentially， the environment of the liver is suitable to the growth of certain tumor cells. Once a tumor begins to grow in the liver， it receives its blood supply from the hepatic artery.
肝癌
对肝癌的治疗有分歧。这有利于许多对肝癌治疗持悲观态度。有创见的治疗方案是能治疗或延长肝癌病人的生命。
肝是一些器官，如：肺、乳房、结肠和直肠的共同转移地。在原发性肿瘤的早期诊断时发现肝转移，称作同步。如果在早期诊断后发现，称作异步。由于肝通过门静脉接受腹腔器官来的血液，所以肝常受累。恶性细胞从原发癌脱离，通过血流或淋巴管，来到肝独立生长。我们不明白一个瘤细胞是如何离开原发部位来到特异器官生长的原理。当然，肝是适合某些特定瘤细胞的生长环境。一旦一个瘤在肝生长繁殖，它接受肝动脉的血供。
2008年2月24日星期日
A Conversation on Traditional Chinese Medicine
D：Hello, Mr. Smith. How are you felling today?
病人：好多了。谢谢！今天我可以坐直了。针灸的确很棒。
P： Much better, thank you! I can sit straight today. The acupuncture is really great.
医生：不错。中医有五千年的历史。它对疾病的发生，发展和治疗都有着完整的理论体系。针灸只不过是治疗像你的椎骨侧突疾病的一种最有效的方式。
D：Yes, Chinese Traditional Medicine （TCM）has a history of more than 5,000 years. It has a complete theory about the occurrence, development and treatment of diseases.
Acupuncture is only one of the most effective ways to treat diseases such as your pleurapophysis.
病人：尽管如此，我的许多同事对中医还是有些不解。你能否多给我讲点？
P：All the same, many of my colleagues feel much puzzled about TCM. Would you please tell me more about it？
医生：没问题。根据中医理论，疾病的发生是阴阳失调所致。而疾病的治疗就是阴阳的平衡。
D：Sure. According to TCM theory, the occurrence of diseases is the incoordination between Yin and Yang and the treatment of diseases is the reestablishement of the equilibrium between them.
病人：好多了。谢谢！今天我可以坐直了。针灸的确很棒。
P： Much better, thank you! I can sit straight today. The acupuncture is really great.
医生：不错。中医有五千年的历史。它对疾病的发生，发展和治疗都有着完整的理论体系。针灸只不过是治疗像你的椎骨侧突疾病的一种最有效的方式。
D：Yes, Chinese Traditional Medicine （TCM）has a history of more than 5,000 years. It has a complete theory about the occurrence, development and treatment of diseases.
Acupuncture is only one of the most effective ways to treat diseases such as your pleurapophysis.
病人：尽管如此，我的许多同事对中医还是有些不解。你能否多给我讲点？
P：All the same, many of my colleagues feel much puzzled about TCM. Would you please tell me more about it？
医生：没问题。根据中医理论，疾病的发生是阴阳失调所致。而疾病的治疗就是阴阳的平衡。
D：Sure. According to TCM theory, the occurrence of diseases is the incoordination between Yin and Yang and the treatment of diseases is the reestablishement of the equilibrium between them.
Vegetables down cognitive decline in old age
BEIJING, Oct. 25 (Xinhuanet) —— High consumption of vegetables —— particularly green, leafy ones —— rather than fruit will protect your brain against decline in thinking ability in old age, U.S. researchers reported Tuesday in the journal Neurology.
The findings by Rush University Medical Center researchers suggest a diet that includes two to three-and-a-half-cup servings of vegetables might boost the memory and protect against Alzheimer's disease.
"People who consumed two or more vegetables a day had a 35 to 40 percent decrease in the decline in thinking ability over six years," said study lead author Martha Clare Morris, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "That's the equivalent of being five years younger in age."
Morris' team surveyed 3,718 research participants aged 65 or above who live in the south side of Chicago.
The researchers used a complete food questionnaire of 139 different food items. They asked about the participants' usual intake and assessed the frequency of intake. During the six-year study, the participants received at least two cognitive tests that measured their memory and thinking speed.
"By far, the association with a slower rate of decline was found in the group that ate high amounts of green, leafy vegetables," Morris said. Such foods included lettuce and tossed salad, spinach, kale and collards.
Eating lots of fruit, this study found, was not associated with benefits similar to eating a vegetable-rich diet. Morris said it's possible that some fruit may contain compounds that counteract antioxidants but further studies are needed to determine whether fruit is brain-protective.
Other research said fruit did provide similar benefit, so it is still recommended.
Morris suspected that vegetables may help protect memory and thinking speed because they contain high amounts of vitamin E, an antioxidant that can help reduce the damage caused by free radicals, unstable oxygen molecules generated by normal metabolism that can damage neurons in the brain and contribute to dementia.
But she said it's too soon to say for sure that vegetables actually preserve the brain from age-related decline.
"But it's encouraging to see that it appears to slow the rate of decline," she said. "We know that eating vegetables is important for chronic diseases. So this might be one more reason why you should eat your vegetables."
The findings by Rush University Medical Center researchers suggest a diet that includes two to three-and-a-half-cup servings of vegetables might boost the memory and protect against Alzheimer's disease.
"People who consumed two or more vegetables a day had a 35 to 40 percent decrease in the decline in thinking ability over six years," said study lead author Martha Clare Morris, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "That's the equivalent of being five years younger in age."
Morris' team surveyed 3,718 research participants aged 65 or above who live in the south side of Chicago.
The researchers used a complete food questionnaire of 139 different food items. They asked about the participants' usual intake and assessed the frequency of intake. During the six-year study, the participants received at least two cognitive tests that measured their memory and thinking speed.
"By far, the association with a slower rate of decline was found in the group that ate high amounts of green, leafy vegetables," Morris said. Such foods included lettuce and tossed salad, spinach, kale and collards.
Eating lots of fruit, this study found, was not associated with benefits similar to eating a vegetable-rich diet. Morris said it's possible that some fruit may contain compounds that counteract antioxidants but further studies are needed to determine whether fruit is brain-protective.
Other research said fruit did provide similar benefit, so it is still recommended.
Morris suspected that vegetables may help protect memory and thinking speed because they contain high amounts of vitamin E, an antioxidant that can help reduce the damage caused by free radicals, unstable oxygen molecules generated by normal metabolism that can damage neurons in the brain and contribute to dementia.
But she said it's too soon to say for sure that vegetables actually preserve the brain from age-related decline.
"But it's encouraging to see that it appears to slow the rate of decline," she said. "We know that eating vegetables is important for chronic diseases. So this might be one more reason why you should eat your vegetables."
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